__Introduction__

Opioids, generally categorized as prescription or illicit, are manifested in many forms. Additionally, synthetic opiates lend themselves to both. All are chemically similar, produce physically numbing and pain-reducing effects, along with euphoria due to large releases of dopamine throughout the body. Confusion and drowsiness are common side effects.

By attaching to cells in the brain, spine and other organs, opioids block pain signals from brain to body and activate reward pathways, enhancing mood and producing pleasure. Breathing, heart rate and blood pressure are slowed, sometimes resulting in death.

More than any other classification of drug, exposure to opioids result in heightened tolerance and rapid onset of physical dependence.